![]() ![]() ![]() After 2,000 years, the final portion of the Great Roman civilization had fallen to Islamic forces. While the city’s walls had protected the city from conquest for more than 1,000 years, Ottoman cannon technology finally breached the city’s walls and defenses. Over 47 days, 55,000 pounds of gunpowder and 5,000 cannon shots blasted the city’s walls. In 1453, using cannons, the Ottomans bombarded Constantinople’s walls. Siege of Constantinople (1453): Ottoman armies had attempted to capture the city of Constantinople for decades. Following the defeat of European powers, significant opposition to Ottoman expansion into southeast Europe ended. The battle was part of the Varna Crusades, which attempted to stop expanding the Islamic Ottomans in Christian southeast Europe. Battle of Varna (1444): The Battle of Varna took place near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. ![]()
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